Acronis Backup 12.5: browsing network for machines with agents fails with "0x80070043 The network name cannot be found"

Symptoms

You want to back up a machine in your network. You navigate to Devices -> All machines, click Add, and then click Browse to list machines with Acronis agents installed and select the one you want to back up.

You get this error:

0x80070043 The network name cannot be found